Bioethanol Production from Waste and Nonsalable Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits: Potentials and Challenges

Balancing the needs of current and future generations stimulates investment for sustainable development such as converting waste biomass into biorenewables. Sugar-based ethanol production is a well-investigated established process, researchers are now focusing on transformation cellulosic to sugar application non-conventional methods production. The State Qatar generates date palm fruit approximately 4505 tons annually, excluding ornamental palms outside farms that bear nonmarketable fruits. Date molasses contains fermentable sugars, representing 75% total mass, which can offer good source bioethanol through anaerobic fermentation distillation. On this basis, valorization fruits be an effective zero-waste strategy via biotransformation bio-renewable materials, hence, contributing achievement goals. This paper reviews potentials challenges utilization assesses abundance raw material conventional conversion process. review also identified nonconventional processes their applicability Qatar. Finally, confirmed ample demand ranging from fuel industrial chemicals pharmaceutical alcohol.